[321] Four chronic diseasescancer (leading cause of death), cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetesaccount for 65percent of deaths in Canada. [61] To accommodate the influx of English-speaking Loyalists in Central Canada, the Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the province of Canada into French-speaking Lower Canada (later Quebec) and English-speaking Upper Canada (later Ontario), granting each its own elected legislative assembly. [366] Although more than 82 percent of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec, there are substantial Francophone populations in New Brunswick, Alberta, and Manitoba; Ontario has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec. [439] As a result, the preservation of a distinctly Canadian culture is supported by federal government programs, laws, and institutions such as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). Canada is a well-performing OECD country in reading literacy, mathematics, and science with the average student scoring 523.7, compared with the OECD average of 493 in 2015. [193][194] The Constitution Act, 1982 requires that no more than five years pass between elections, although the Canada Elections Act limits this to four years with a fixed election date in October. [296], The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure. [456], Canadian music reflects a variety of regional scenes. [377] Freedom of religion in Canada is a constitutionally protected right, allowing individuals to assemble and worship without limitation or interference. Total cases. [242] Canada's total military expenditure is expected to reach $32.7billion by 2027. COVID-19 booster dose. [267] In the 1980s, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney's Progressive Conservatives abolished the NEP and changed the name of FIRA to Investment Canada to encourage foreign investment. This spring, Hudson's Bay Company is set to open Zellers stores inside 25 The Bay locations across Canada. [18], After the successful American War of Independence, the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognized the independence of the newly formed United States and set the terms of peace, ceding British North American territories south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River to the new country. [177][178][179] Five parties had representatives elected to the Parliament in the 2021 electionthe Liberal Party, who currently form a minority government; the Conservative Party, who are the Official Opposition; the New Democratic Party; the Bloc Qubcois; and the Green Party of Canada. [279] Canada has one of the highest levels of Internet access in the world, with over 33million users, equivalent to around 94 percent of its total 2014 population. Includes workplace eligibility, steps to apply, processing times, and what you need to do before you work in Canada. [200], The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of the country and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, NATO, G7, Group of Ten, G20, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), Commonwealth of Nations, Arctic Council, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and Organization of American States. [454] The Group of Seven were painters with a nationalistic and idealistic focus, who first exhibited their distinctive works in May 1920. General elections in Canada must be called by the governor general, triggered by either the advice of the prime minister or a lost confidence vote in the House. [339], According to a 2019 report by the OECD, Canada is one of the most educated countries in the world;[340] the country ranks first worldwide in the percentage of adults having tertiary education, with over 56 percent of Canadian adults having attained at least an undergraduate college or university degree. [79] This caused the collapse of the Plains Bison in western Canada and the introduction of European cattle farms and wheat fields dominating the land. Sell your goods or services to the government It is to the north of the United States. [427] This progressed into three major themes that can be found within historical Canadian literature: nature, frontier life, and Canada's position within the world, all three of which tie into the garrison mentality. ", "2015 federal budget 'disappointing' for post-secondary students: CFS", "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019: Canada", "Government expenditure on education as% of GDP (%)", "Financial and human resources invested in Education", "Comparing countries' and economies' performances", "Canadian education among best in the world: OECD", "Canada Student performance (PISA 2015)", "The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity", "Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts", "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country] Total Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households 25% sample data", "The Daily The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity", "The Daily Indigenous population continues to grow and is much younger than the non-Indigenous population, although the pace of growth has slowed", "Visible Minorities and Aboriginal Peoples in Vancouver's Labour Market", "The Daily Immigrants make up the largest share of the population in over 150 years and continue to shape who we are as Canadians", "2021 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration", Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, "2006 Census: The Evolving Linguistic Portrait, 2006 Census: Highlights", Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, "Indigenous Self-Determination: Is Canada as Good as it Gets? [336] Established in 1663, Universit Laval is the oldest post-secondary institution in Canada. [134] Canada is geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes, notably Mount Meager massif, Mount Garibaldi, Mount Cayley, and the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. [245] Provinces and territories have responsibility for social programs such as health care, education, and welfare,[246] as well as administration of justice (but not criminal law). More details on the reporting schedule. [54] Mainland Nova Scotia came under British rule with the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, and Canada and most of New France came under British rule in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. [10], From the 16th to the early 18th century, "Canada" referred to the part of New France that lay along the Saint Lawrence River. It is the second largest country in the world, but it has only one-half of one percent of the world's population. Using its spending powers, the federal government can initiate national policies in provincial areas such as health and child care; the provinces can opt out of these cost-share programs but rarely do so in practice. [211] Various treaties and case laws were established to mediate relations between Europeans and many Indigenous peoples. Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. [181][182][183][184] The reigning monarch is KingCharles III, who is also monarch of 14 other Commonwealth countries and each of Canada's 10 provinces. More details on the reporting schedule. Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. Peace came in 1815; no boundaries were changed. Here's how to protect yourself. [301][302] A record number of 405,000 immigrants were admitted to Canada in 2021. [82] During this time, Canada introduced the Indian Act extending its control over the First Nations to education, government and legal rights. COVID-19 vaccines have helped protect us. Quebec. [56] To avert conflict in Quebec, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act 1774, expanding Quebec's territory to the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley. Contracts with government. [270], Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy. [375] Due to its historical relation to the francophone culture, Quebec Sign Language (LSQ) is used primarily in Quebec, although there are sizeable Francophone communities in New Brunswick, Ontario and Manitoba. [424], Canadian literature is often divided into French- and English-language literatures, which are rooted in the literary traditions of France and Britain, respectively. [141] These ecozones encompass over 80,000 classified species of Canadian wildlife, with an equal number yet to be formally recognized or discovered. WebCanada is a country in North America.Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area.Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. [266] In the 1970s, concerns over energy self-sufficiency and foreign ownership in the manufacturing sectors prompted Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's Liberal government to enact the National Energy Program (NEP) and the Foreign Investment Review Agency (FIRA). [229], Canada maintains historic ties to the United Kingdom and France and to other former British and French colonies through Canada's membership in the Commonwealth of Nations and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. [262] Like many other developed countries, the Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three-quarters of the country's workforce. [475], Canada has enjoyed success both at the Winter Olympics and at the Summer Olympics,[476] though particularly the Winter Games as a "winter sports nation", and has hosted several high-profile international sporting events such as the 1976 Summer Olympics,[477] the 1988 Winter Olympics,[478] the 2010 Winter Olympics[479][480] and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. [195], Canadian federalism divides government responsibilities between the federal government and the ten provinces. [369], Other provinces have no official languages as such, but French is used as a language of instruction, in courts, and for other government services, in addition to English. Education in both English and French is available in most places across Canada. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. [429] Since the 1980s, Canada's ethnic and cultural diversity has been openly reflected in its literature. [135], Average winter and summer high temperatures across Canada vary from region to region. [123] By land area alone, Canada ranks fourth, due to having the world's largest area of fresh water lakes. Together, the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, a rarity among other federations in the world. [172] Historically, the Liberal Party position themselves at the centre of the Canadian political spectrum,[173][174] with the Conservative Party positioned on the right and the New Democratic Party occupying the left. Stanley Park. [184][188][189] The use of the executive powers is directed by the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected House of Commons and chosen and headed by the prime minister (at present Justin Trudeau),[190] the head of government. [92], Canada's strong attachment to the British Empire and Commonwealth led to major participation in British military efforts in the Second Boer War (18991902), World War I (19141918) and World War II (19391945). In my time at Caada College, I had the amazing opportunity to grow as a leader. [32][33], Although not without conflict, European Canadians' early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful. [318] Just over 60,000 children are homeschooled in the country as of 2016. [303] New immigrants settle mostly in major urban areas in the country, such as Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. The primary characteristics of Canadian humour are irony, parody, and satire. [132][133] There are also fresh-water glaciers in the Canadian Rockies, the Coast Mountains and the Arctic Cordillera. [342] As of 2014[update], 89 percent of adults aged 25 to 64 have earned the equivalent of a high-school degree, compared to an OECD average of 75 percent. TORONTO - Canadas mens basketball team will play exhibition games against Spain and Argentina this summer in preparation for the 2023 FIBA World Cup. [88], The Great Depression in Canada during the early 1930s saw an economic downturn, leading to hardship across the country. [462] The Canadian Music Hall of Fame, established in 1976, honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements. TORONTO - Canadas mens basketball team will play exhibition games against Spain and Argentina this summer in preparation for the 2023 FIBA World Cup. The future of the permafrost is uncertain because the Arctic has been warming at three times the global average as a result of climate change in Canada. [80] The Indigenous peoples saw widespread famine and disease due to the loss of the bison and their traditional hunting lands. [259] The Toronto Stock Exchange is the ninth-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, listing over 1,500 companies with a combined market capitalization of over US$2trillion. [209] In most rural and some urban areas, policing responsibilities are contracted to the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The text was originally only in French before it was adapted into English in 1906. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. [258] The country's average household disposable income per capita is "well above" the OECD average. Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). WebApply to travel, study, work or immigrate to Canada, apply for citizenship, a permanent resident card or refugee protection, check the status of your application or find a form. Quebec. [164][165], At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two relatively centrist parties practising "brokerage politics",[a] the centre-left leaning Liberal Party of Canada and the centre-right leaning Conservative Party of Canada (or its predecessors). [417] The use of the maple leaf as a Canadian symbol dates to the early 18th century. WebFind out what document you need to travel, visit family and friends, do business, or transit through Canada, and how to extend your stay. [388] Other faiths include Islam (4.9percent), Hinduism (2.3percent), Sikhism (2.1percent), Buddhism (1.0percent), Judaism (0.9percent), and Indigenous spirituality (0.2percent). ", "The Crown and the Constitution: Sustaining Democracy? In all, over a million Canadians served in the armed forces during World War II and approximately 42,000 were killed and another 55,000 were wounded. [310][311] It is guided by the provisions of the Canada Health Act of 1984[312] and is universal. Moving between provinces. Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. [463], Patriotic music in Canada dates back over 200 years as a distinct category from British patriotism, preceding Canadian Confederation by over 50 years. [147] Since the end of the last glacial period, Canada has consisted of eight distinct forest regions,[148] with 42 percent of its land area covered by forests (approximately 8 percent of the world's forested land).
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